The Plague Doctor: A History of the Beaked Mask and Robe

Origins of the Plague Doctor Costume

During the 17th-century European plague, physicians donned a distinctive costume in an attempt to protect themselves from the deadly disease. The costume consisted of:

• A leather hat mask with glass eyes and a beak stick to remove clothes
• Gloves
• A waxed linen robe
• Boots

The beak contained aromatic substances such as cloves, cinnamon, and myrrh, which were believed to purify the air.

Symbolism of the Plague Doctor Mask

The plague doctor mask has become an iconic symbol of the Black Death. The beak-like design represented a bird, which was believed to symbolize health and purity.

However, the relationship between the plague doctor mask and the Black Death may be exaggerated. Contemporary accounts suggest that the costume was not widely used until the mid-17th century, after the peak of the plague had passed.

Variations of the Plague Doctor Costume

The plague doctor costume varied over time and from region to region. Some doctors wore a special costume consisting of an ankle-length overcoat and a bird-like beak mask. Others wore a simpler outfit of a hat, gloves, and a mask with a single beak or no beak at all.

The plague doctor costume is a fascinating glimpse into the medical practices and beliefs of the past. It serves as a reminder of the devastating impact of the Black Death and the lengths to which people went to protect themselves from it.